Abstract: In the context of so-called informal democratic control of the security sector it is taken for granted that the academic community, as an essenial part of the civil society, is a main democratising agent in promotion of the democratic postulates and mechanisms of bottom-up control over the power-holders. The paper questions this premise through stressing that academic community may be a bastion of conservative thinking, partly because of lack of emantipation from the power centres and poltroonery, and partly because of its inexperience and historical legacies. One of the factes of post-Cold War period is the intensive academic exchange and assistance programmes in the relation West-East. The author points out the deficiencies of the one-deacde long experience, which was mainly one-sided preaching of the Western models and theories and an obvious lack of dialogue and genuine cooperation.

Key words: democratic control, transition, academic community, international cooperation, civil-military relations

Subregional Cooperation Among The South East European Countries – Contribution To The Regional Security
Stojan SLAVESKI
Ministry of Defence – Skopje

Abstract: Intensified multilateral cooperation could help the countries of South East Europe to address the challenges imposed by political changes, to promote economic development, to overcome conflicts, and integrate themselves into the European mainstream. However, the very problems that could be mitigated by greater subregional cooperation also make such cooperation difficult to achieve in practice. This tension raises the question of how far the external actors, particularly the main Europe and international organizations can and should play a role in promoting multilateral cooperation in these subregion. In this article we make an effort to locate the problems of subregional cooperation and suggest some recommendations for its more efficient implementation.

Key words: South East Europe, subregional cooperation, security

Macedonia In The Balkan Alliance Politics In 1912
Van~e STOJ^EV
Military Academy "General Mihailo Apostolski" – Skopje

Abstract: Crisis situations and wars have always been frequent occurancies on the Balkan. The Macedonian issue has always been in the centre of the events either as a reason or a result. Its central geostrategic position on the balkan has forced Macedonian people to wage a permanent liberation war and to become the last to gain an independent and sovereign state but only on a part of its own territory.
The Balkan alliance was created to liberate the Macedonians from the Ottoman Empire and for its division among the neighbouring countries but it fell apart because of the division of Macedonia.

Key words: treaty, agreement, war, liberation, division, occupation

Managing Peace Or Conflicts And Crises Management
Lidija GEORGIEVA
Defence Institute - Skopje

Abstract: This paper will address peace management as a category especially from the aspect of the strategy for conflict and crisis management. Within this framework the significance of appropriate and timely risk assessment will be underlined. This paper starts from presumption that Republic of Macedonia from the beginning of its independence was an initiator and object for preventive strategies implemented by different international institutions. Also, the paper starts from presumption that internal and external contributors have created from the Republic of Macedonia receptive subject for implementing of the model of horizontal (prevention from spillover of the conflict from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo towards Macedonia) and vertical (prevention fro internal violent conflict) prevention. The causesfor and the consequences from the last year crises( that has escalated beside preventive measures were implemented) could be analyzed from different aspects. Within this paper the accent is on peace management as a strategy that should encompases broader political, economic, social and other activities.

Key words: peace management, crisis management, conflict management, violent conflict, risk assessment, early warning, prevention of violent conflict

The Functioning Of The Defence Sistem And The Crisis In 2001
Zoran NACEV
Defence Institute - Skopje

Abstract: In this work, from different aspects, has been made an analysis about the crises in R. of Macedonia evoked by the Albanian extremists and terrorists. The basic intention is to be identified the conditions of the organized defense plan before the conflict, complemented with new create problems in the time of the beginning of the clash, which were reflected to the mannerof the resolving of the crisis. In every one part separately it is analyzed the preparedness of the Ministry of defense and the Macedonian Army,the coordina tion between defense and security structures, the role of the MPRi team, the cases of the crises and etc.

Key words: Conflict, preparedness, crisis, coordination, rule, negligence, peace

The Inquiry - Golden Key In The Fight Against The Terrorism
Mitko KOTOV^EVSKI
Defence Institute - Skopje

Abstract: The shadow of terrorism more and more lean over above the world, above its destiny and above its future. The days again start, end and again start with the terrorism, which is getting more and more a face of a beast, thirsty for blood and bloodshed. The war against the contemporary evil, against this fluid "enemy" with (un) clear concept, asks a lot of knowledge, but most of all timely, quality and valid inquiring operations. The meaning of inquiry is getting more important and it became a "golden key" in the fight against the "invisible" enemy, and the base for preventive action as a guaranty for successes. Without firmly inquiry in this field, which in the future will grown up in the separate science, we will be condemned to the "blindness" and powerless against the claws of the terrorist madness, which heartlessly watches for its innocent victims. On the contrary, the terrorism will always be first in the move.

Key words: terrorism, terrorist organizations, inquiry, security-inquiring society, inquiring information

Organization Of Protection And Rescue From Natural And Technical-Technological Disasters In The European Union
Mende SOLUN^EVSKI
Ministry of Defence - Skopje

Abstract: The European Union is an association of countries with enormous economic and technological power and high standard of living, which aspires after welfare of its population. Those welfare dues to the positive integration processes in all spheres of living. Therefore the EU is a challenge and a desire to the rest of the countries from the European continent. The basic condition for entrance in this "family" is the inclusion and the adaptation to the process of integration. The well organized protection and rescue of people, property and living community are the essential parts of the integration and the entrance in the European Union.
In this article I, ll try to give short survey to some of the parts of EU which are playing key role in the protection and rescue of people, property and living community in EU.
The objects of this article are: European Commission for Civil Protection, European Community Humanitarian Office and European Environment Agency.

Key words: Commission, Agency, Protection end rescue, Civil Protection, accident of natural cause, technological accident

Macedonian Geopolitical Rubicon
Toni MILESKI
Defence Institute - Skopje

Abstract: The basis premises of this work is the knowledge of the changes witch happened as a result of geopolitical reorganization of the Balkan region in the past period. The Military ending between ethnic groups of the former federation , concerning the events that happened last year in the Republic of Macedonia, closed its cycle. These cycles did not bring final stabilization in the region.
Analyzing the territorial interests for the Macedonia of the border country, we came across at the conclusion that history is repeating. The interests of the Macedonian nighbors, in a very sophisticate way, are still floating above Macedonian territory. The question "What will happen in the near future" is being asked now. It seams that the only way out from the Balkan labyrinth, is overcaming the illusions for uniting of larger number of ethnicities, which leaves in these region. Only in this way regional stability is possible, and without any doubts, it will contribute for overcaming of the Balkan big-states strategies, and it will lead the region, in the Europian circle of nations and countries with distinguished democratic ideals and values.

Key words: Political geography, geopolitica, geostrategy, security, defence

Some Psycho-Sociological Factors And Their Influence On Making "Democratic Decision" In The Area Of The Military Logistics
Sokle KO^OSKI
Military Academy "General Mihailo Apostolski" – Skopje

Abstract: The main issue of this work is the influence of some psycho-sociological factors (variables) on the formulated general hypothesis. Hypotheses are verified in previously determined conditions (in army collective) for making an optimal decision and fulfilling an activity in the area of army logistics. That decision, for the purpose of this research, is called "democratic decision".
One general hypothesis and four subhypotheses are separately formulated and set up, but for their testing (verifying), four independent variables are treated. For each formulated hypotesis and subhypothesis, an appropriate independent variable is separated. The basic goal of the processing is the set up hypoteses to be tested according to the main hypotesis.

Key words: analyse, promise, variables, discussion, decision, factors, hypotheses

Traffic Safety Information Sustem Withem The Army Of The Republic Of Macedonia
Toni \. LAZOV
Defence Institute - Skopje

Abstract: Modern traffic and transportation system has grown up into an organizational and technologically complex system, which should offer the users high quality service, and meet it's numerous and complex needs. Finally, the communication within them will aim towards more efficient ruling (management).
As a part of the global traffic system of the Republic of Macedonia, the ARM traffic information system should provide fast and in time decision-making that will affect the units of the Army to be ruled (managed) more successfully.
The subject of this work is shown of possible ATT for the ARM’s needs, with proposal of the software, which will safe the time of bringing of decisions, as well as, cut of possibilities for subjectivism in managing and bringing decision.
In this work is given the question and the contribute toward the problem conected to automatization of the informational traffic system in the ARM.

Key words: traffic, speed, information, and time

The Need For Coordination Among The State Institutions In The Field Of Security And Defence
Oliver BAKRESKI
Defence Institute - Skopje

Abstract: In 1991 the Republic of Macedonia became an independent and sovereign state. Its independence meant serious challenge and adjustment to new standards, new rules and new systemic structure inappropriate for its history. While in the former Yugoslav republics war and terror were raging within the years that followed the Republic of Macedonia fittingly borne the epithet of "oasis of peace". Only after ten years of the independence, the Republic of Macedonia faced a crisis. Being confronted with the newly created situation and circumstances, the process of adjustment of the institutions, bodies and segments of the defence system was intensified so as to enable them to respond properly to the new challenges. In order to overcome the current situation in the state, it was necessary to increase the level of coordination of the activities in the parts of security and defence and thus create conditions for normal and effective functioning of the state.
The success of the coordinated activities depends on many factors. As most significant we would emphasize: capability, dexterity and experience of the ruling structures, type of occupation and complexity of tasks that they perform, condition of the organization, cooperation among bodies, time when the coordination is carried out and so on.
However, no matter successful or unsuccessful, coordination remains the main arc in all institutions, bodies and organizations.
Today, in attempt to change radically this kind of situation that provokes lack of coordination, there is a need for further study of this problem that would consequently enable synchronization, harmonization and cooperation of the activities among the state institutions.

Key words: coordination, state institutions, efficiency, system, defence

Dividends Of Terrorism: Another Arming As New World Trend
Zoran IVANOVSKI
Military Academy "General Mihailo Apostolski" – Skopje

Abstract: Are we facing a new period of worldwide rearmament? All the signs seem to point to rearmament-not just since 11 September 2001. This is the conclusion reached through analyses of greater number of states’ defense budgets. The United States, by far the world’s greatest military power, has increased its military expenditures by a massive amount. Some researchers offer conclusion that the disarmament of the early 1990s, "the Peace Dividend", is now apparently being followed by a type of "Terror Dividend".

Key words: military expenditure, dividend, terrorism, defense budget