Abstract: The work is focused on a critical period of the development of the macedonian state beginning from its independence up to now. Actually, an analysis has been made to one simultaneous process of establishment of the sovereignty of the Republic of Macedonia in a public sense and to the building of the defensive policy of that country in a state of transition. Throughout a historic retrospective the work offers a revew of the crucial differences between the political and defensive system from the period before the independence and after it. Furthermore, it gives the determinants of the developing process of an autonomous system of the Republic, as well as the factors which influenced its establishment and development. Basic principles of the defensive independence policy, April 1992, were as follows: respect of all international standards and institutions for solving all the problems through peaceful and civilised way, declaring neutrality towards the war that was in progress on the territory of the former Yugoslavia, building its own sovereignty and independence without endangering any country in the region and farther. However, the policy of the Republic of Macedonia in terms of defence was stated on the following principles: political and economic integration in the EU, political and military integration in the collective security systems, taking part in the program Partnership for Peace, association in NATO as equal member, development of democratic institutions, maintaining good relationships with the neighbours, development of piece, stability and cooperation in the region and forming its own defensive and protective system under the NATO standards. The process of establishment of defensive policy and defense system of the Republic of Macedonia is seen as an open, dynamic and unfinished process. In that sense, the work emphasises the basic phases in which that process has been developing so far, but it also states the possible directions for further development. The balance and relevance of the inside and outside factors to which the defensive policy of one country has to be stated, the author see as a key question to which he gives his own opinion.

Key words: policy in defense, political and economic integration in the UE, military integration in the collective security systems, development of democratic institutions, development of peace, stability and cooperation in the region, forming its own defensive and protective system

National Defence Strategy Presented Through Political, Diplomatic, Economic And Military Strategy
Zoran Nacev
Faculty of Philosophy, Defence Institute, Skopje

Abstract: Based upon the studies of the threat elements in the defense area, the defense of the Republic of Macedonia formulates the goals in this sense and defines the ways for achieving those goals determining the required resources necessary for implementation of the projected concepts related to certain goals. The national defense strategy contents is basically structured (i.e. it is symbiosis) of political, diplomatic, economic and military elements, i.e. of adequate strategies that come out as a result, being at a lower level of commonality. This is due to the fact that the war has expanded in many segments and that, in its area of influence, directly or indirectly, it involves the whole society and social life.
The most important thing during the consideration of the stressed sub-strategies (political, diplomatic, economic and military) is how to develop and use these strategies in certain situations and periods in order to provide maximum assistance to the policy and in order to increase the probability for a victory and reduce the possibility for a defeat.

Key words: Security, strategy, defense, policy, and diplomacy

NATO Policy For The Interoperability Of The Systems For Consultation, Leadership And Command
Sonja Andonova
Macedonian Ministry of Defence

Abstract: The consultation, command and control systems, defined as C3 according to the NATO terminology, are the essential element for rapid and efficient functioning of the command and control of the units. Consultation, command and control processes start at a strategic – political level and through the operation level end up at a tactical level. When the C3 concept is in use, several issues are to be kept in mind and these issues are related to the information exchange and transfer, these including: basic information structure that enables its processing and movement, information distribution from the sender to the receives (which represents the telecommunication aspect of the information exchange) and finally, the hardware and software implementation, which is related to the architecture of the incorporated information systems.
Modern communication and information system have to be capable of two-way information communication (to and from the action area) in nearly real time. Such a time limitation imposes specific conditions for the technical infrastructure of the systems for C3 functions implementation. Some of the more important conditions include: communication ways with a very high speed, adequate architecture of the information transfer and processing systems, automatic decision-making, vertical and horizontal capabilities and interoperability of the national communication and information systems with NATO systems.

Key words: NATO; interoperability; Consultation, Command and Control Systems, C3 systems; C3 systems interoperability; information communicating; interoperative framework; interoperative environment; interoperability levels; C3 standardization.

Democratization Of The Civilian And Military Relationships In The Postcommunist Balkan States
Biljana Vankovska
Faculty of Philosophy, Defence Institute, Skopje

Abstract: The Western part of the world moved into the new millennium facing what it sees as new challenges on its way; others may look differently at the Western agenda. At the same time, the former communist countries still seem preoccupied with the endeavour Mearsheimer called going “back to the future”. This is particularly true for several countries on the Balkan Peninsula. This article is about a concept of democratic civil-military relations and the process, induced by a converging interests of researchers and practitioners there and in the wider region, of implementing, that concept in this very complex region.

Key words: civil-military relations, democratisation, the Balkans

Conflict Prevention And Building Of The Peace – Contribution To Regional Stability
Lidija Georgieva
Faculty of Philosophy, Defence Institute, Skopje

Abstract: By connecting the concepts of conflict prevention and peacebuilding certain questions and dilemmas from theoretical and practical aspect are emphasize. Related to the theoretical dilemma’s, pre-conflict engagement of international community by broadening of the objectives and means for peacebuilding, and their defining as a concept that will address and the problems that emerge at other phases of the conflict that post-conflict, are pose as a significant. Peacebuilding is emphasized as a concept significant for pre-conflict phase of the conflict, as a concept that is not substantially represented within some interventions or approaches or the emphases are pose on military-political means. Conflict prevention is complex approach that encompase the peacebuilding also and relating to the South Easter European region needs institutional framework. As a part of the approach, building of the national strategies and mechanisms that will enable efficient prevention are necessary, as well as regional institutional framework in the sense of prevention of threats to peace and securiy.

Key words: conflict prevention, peacebuilding, regional stability, NATO, common foreign and security policy

Macedonia, A Landmark Of The Balkan Geopolicy
Milos Zmejkovski
Faculty of Philosophy, Defence Institute, Skopje

Abstract: An effort is made in the project to stress out some of the numerous factors with the purpose of finding the correct answer, because Republic of Macedonia, as a continental and peninsula country, located on the oldest continent was the last to acquire the right to an independent state. According to recent analyses, a conclusion may be given that the major factors for the difficult history of the Macedonian people are the geopolitical and geostrategic surrounding with its many attractions as well as the conflict of interests of the neighboring countries and their constant desire for "large countries" on a small space, always on the expense of Macedonia.
No other peoples' personal and historical destiny has been so strongly determined from the place of where they live, like is the case of the Macedonian people. Is a new balkanization taking place on the Balkan?

Key words: Macedonia, geopolitic, geostrategic, space

The Balkans - A Geopolitical Cross
Mitko Kotovcevski
Faculty of Philosophy, Defence Institute, Skopje

Abstract: The position of the Republic of Macedonia in the central part of the Balkans “geopolitical cross” is the essential determinent in explaining this “phenomenom” in the folloming text. Through the history Macedonia has always been considereb as “black gold”. The people on the Balkans and especially the Macedonian people mere almays terorised through the history. The geographical influence has also been severe for them. the geopolitical location of Macedonia is considered as “black gold” for the people and for their history as well. The geostrategic importance of Maced. position was priceless for the big imperialistic forces through the history, and the importance was even bigger when preserving of their kingdoms was questioned. Maced. position was defended the most when the imperialistic forces failed in the past. Macedonia was the last bastion defended by the great kingdoms when they were destroyed, and it was an operational foundation for the great concords in the world – such as the concords of the Alexandar the Great.

Key words: geostrategic position, Balkans “geopolitical cross”, imperialistic forces, history, Macedonian space

Strategic Concept Of NATO And Managing Crisis Situations
Marina Mitrevska
Faculty of Philosophy, Defence Institute, Skopje

Abstract: The presented subject matter of the combined defence acting, in the frame of which is CRM, says that, in a contemporary terms, Alliances politikal-military leadership starts from the fact that there will be enormous lost of personnel and material resources in case of nuclear war. The fact that in these conditions a special importance has been given to the question of surviving of the population and military economy, as the countrys military power determining factors, should not be ignored. According to the NATO expert evaluation, the dependency of the conduct and result of combat operations on conditions of the economy, especially on its capability to accomplisf material and tehnical support of the Armed Forces, will be increased significantly in contemporary war. If we add the fact that for the material and tehnical support a considerable human potential is necessary, as an outcome is a need of population protection. Besides the motives for aforementioned support, we are sure that the Armed Forces have an important role of population protection. But, besides the differences in their strength, Armed Forces are not in the position to perform that mission by their own. Therefore, along with the means of active defence, it is necessary to provide an important role for the forces and means of passive defence, civil defence on first place, during the war, because the signification of the defence system establishment is in the defence and protection of the societys core values.

Key words: crises, strategic concept, civil planning

Military Doctrine At The Beginning Of The 21st Century (Air And Ground Battle)
Radko Nacevski
Faculty of Philosophy, Skopje

Abstract: At the beginning of the 21 century, the main characteristic in the military sphere is the appearance of the new high-technological military organization. The experiences of the “Gulf war” (1991) and NATO war against SR Jugoslavia (1999) had confirmed its supremacy over the classical military organization. Its main characteristics are: knowledge, lessen, professionalism, preciseness and high degree of destructive power of the armament systems.

Key words: battle, knowledge, professionalism, strategy

Military Logistics And The Influence That Certain Factors Have On Obtaining Logistic Support Staff For Defence Purposes
Sokle Kocoski
Military Academy "General Mihailo Apostolski" Skopje

Abstract: The aim of the study is to define the factors that strongly influence the manning of the logistic personnel for the defense requirements through the introduction of the subject, the methodology, the terminology and the concept of the logistics and its contents. The anticipated results of this study is that, by the mentioned calculation methodology and respecting the defined factors to come up with the required initial number of logistics personnel candidates for expert training as well as the funds required for education at the faculties at Universities and military academy at home and abroad.

Key words: logistics, support, subject, method, terminology

Chromographical Detection Of The Stabilizing Content Of Pressured Explosive Materials
Rose Smileski, Orce Popovski, Anka Trajkovska
Military Academy "General Mihailo Apostolski", Skopje

Abstract: This study examines the chemical stability of the two-base sphere gunpowder by liquid chromatography through the determination of the stabilization contents. Standard dissolves from the Merck Firm have been used during the examinations. The examinations have been conducted on a liquid chromatography Varian in accordance with the CHO 8069/91 standard. The resulting chromatograms leaded to the conclusion that there is a presence of a centralit in the examination trials.

Key words: stabilizer; sphere gunpowder; centralit

Nacelata na organizacijata i specificnostite na upravnata funkcija vo oblasta na odbranata
Temelko Risteski
Military Academy "General Mihailo Apostolski", Skopje

Abstract: This study includes an analyses conducted regarding the relation between the organization guidelines of the authorities competent for the activities in the defense area and the specific characteristics of the management in this area. The analysis embodies the general guidelines of the state administration organization and the administration authorities’ internal organization as well as the specific guidelines of the military management authorities. The analysis primarily focuses on the ways that the application of the organization guidelines of the above-mentioned authorities reflects on the management efficiency and effectiveness. The consistent application of the organization guidelines is to provide maximum level of efficiency of the authorities competent for the activities in the defense area while performing their scope of activities.

Key words: management; management function; administration authorities, organization guidelines, efficiency, effectiveness

Ulogata na lokalnata samouprava vo odbranbeno-zastitniot sistem na Republika Makedonija
Vanco Kenkov
Faculty of Philosophy, Defense Institute, Skopje

Abstract: In the master the autor elaborates the issue of the rolet of the local self government in the defens of system of the Republic of Macedonia. The main Thesis is That the role of the local self government is of particual significanse and, although the normative legislative case is clearlypresented in the practice it hasu,t functioned yet.The basic method applied in the master is the comparative analysis in the significance of the local-selfgovernment in the defens system of the Republic of Macedonia in the period unitil the independence and period after the intependence of the Republic of Macedonia. After presenting the main points of the historial end theoretical developmient of the local-self government,the avtor analyzes the issue of the importance of the self-government in the defens system of the Republik of Macedonia in actual circumstances. Alt the same time,the autor analuzesthis issue from two points of view:normative-legislative aspect defined wilt the Contitution of the Republic of Macedonia of law defense, the lav of the local self-government and the practical one in the meaning of normative-legislative acts.Finally the authordoesn,t give asnwers to the issues like:norm-practice; if there are needed changes in same segments in the sistem of defense.

Key words: local self government, units of local self-government,functiones,defens system, civil defence